Alphabetical list of programming languages

By .fr

The list of programming languages consists of all languages implemented in the compiler or interpreter, in alphabetical order. And for the latter languages, let there be at least one widely used program written in this language .
However, historical languages that may have influenced the design of subsequent works are also included if the author of subsequent works provided a reference to their place that can be verified .
The main languages in the list have a link to a website or compiler or interpreter download page. For historical languages - a link to the selected site or to a description. Other information such as date and language type may also be added.

Programming languages Procedural and functional languages.
Tag languages and data formats XML, XAML, XUL...
SQL query and database languages and other languages .

Gram

There

In

A +. 2001 Close to the Premier League
Huh#. Object-oriented, functional programming language, now replaced by Aldor.
ABAP, Advanced Business Application Programming. 1983. Cobol-like programming language for SAP Web application servers.
ABC. Harbinger of Python.
Action! Compiler design language, such as Micro-SPL
ActionScript. 2004. Flash version of ECMAScript.
Actor. 1986. Programming language, as well as the concept of a way to develop a language (actor-centric).
Actuum. 2009 from Microsoft. Experimental, competitor in the acting model. At the firm .
Ada. 1983. Named after Ada Lovelace, developed for the US Department of Defense.
Afnix. 1998. Former Aleph. Functional language.
Agena. 2009. Inspired by ALGOL and S.
Aldor. 1985. IBM. For mathematical processing.
Aleph. To Afnix.
Algae. Interpreted language for digital analysis.
Algo. Algebraic programming language.
ALGOL, ALGOrithmic Language. 1958. This is followed by ALGOL 60, ALGOL W (Wirth) and then ALGOL 68. Inspired Pascal.
Alma-0. Modula 2, imperative language, increased logic programming functions.
Alfard. 1974. The name of the brightest star in Hydra. Pascal-like, not implemented.
Altran. 1968. Fortran variant.
AmigaE. 1993. Water van Ortmerssen. The language is inspired by Ada, C++, Lisp.
DUMP, a mathematical programming language. 1985 Brian Kernigan and others. Modeling language for mathematical programming.
ANI. 2010. Implicitly parallel. The project looks abandoned.
Anubis. 2000. Functional language, not ML.
ApeScript. 2005. Dianmic, interprets, C-like.
APL. Programming language. 1962. Kenneth Iverson.
AppleScript. 1993. Script language close to English.
APT. Automatic programmable tool. High-level language for digital managed machines.
Arduino. A version of the wiring language for the Arduino open source controller.
Argos. Synchronous language.
ARS++. Abstraction plus reference plus synthesis. New programming approach specified in the name .
Asm.js. A subset of JavaScript that runs faster. It is implemented by Mozilla.
AppearanceJ. Java implementation of oriented programming Aspect. Development
ATLAS. Several minor languages have this name.
Autocode. 1952. There are several versions of this historical primary language.
AutoIt. Language of automatism. Originally for Windows application scripts, now more general.
Avail. 2014. Close to the natural language in English, runs on a virtual machine.
Averest. Synchronous language, replaced by Quartz.
AWK, Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger and Brian Kernigan. 1977. See also gawk, nawk, mawk. Translator, for string processing, data extraction.
Axioms. An automated algebra system, actually a set of tools using the A # language.

B

B. 1969. Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson. The derivative of BCPL, whose name it abbreviates, is a precursor to the C language .
Bash. Bourn-Again shell. 1989. Command line interpreter to replace Bourne shell.
BASIC. Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. 1964. John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz. Intended to allow students at Darmouth College to use a computer, he popularized himself with microcomputers.
BAL. Build language for IBM 360.
BCPL, the main combined programming language. 1966. Martin Richards in Cambridge. CPL's BASIC-inspired successor inspired B, which itself inspired C.
BeanShell. 2000. Java-like script.
BETA. Object-oriented in the Simula tradition, C-like.
Bigwig. Child of the MAWL to execute web services .
Bistro. 1999. Close to Smaltalk and Java.
BLISS. 1970. Carnegie Mellon's system language, supplanted by S.
Blockley. 2012 Google. Graphical language, moving blocks to create an application.
Used. 2004. Similar to Python on .NET .
Bosque. 2019. Microsoft. Another C-like designed to explore new concepts in program expression.
Bourne shell. 1977. Command language for Unix.
Bornegol. 1977. Algol was ported using C macros used to write Bourne Shell. The name may be apocryphal.
BPEL. Web Services Business Process Execution Language. 2003. Standardized OASIS language for expressing business processes in Web services .

C

C. 1972. Designed by Dennis Ritchie to write Unix operating system code.
1997. Portable intermediate language for compilers. Unlike LLVM, the runtime interface for adding procedures such as a garbage collector.
C++. 1983. Bjarne Strustrup. Called C with classes until 1983. The standard is C++ 98, which became the successor to C++ 11 in 2011.
C #. 2000. Microsoft as an alternative to Java, as well as a derivative of C++. This is imperative language and full OO
C Shell. 1978. C-like for command line scripts on Unix. Its successor is tcsh.
Hidden ObjectScript. 1997. Procedural language with database functions. Compatible with MUMPS.
Caml, Categorical Abstractive Machine Langue. 1985. ML derivative, precursor to OCaml.
Cayenne. functional, close to Haskell with Java aspects and return values may depend on external components.
Cecil. 1992. Close to Module and Lens S. (Search site).
Cedar. 1983. Palo Alto. Successor to Mesa and Pascal .
Ceylon. 2012. Created by Red Hat to collectively write programs and use structured data. It is similar to JavaScript with classes and interfaces, but runs on JVM or Node.js. Note: Ceylon (Ceylon) = tea, Java = coffee.
CFScript. Part of ColdFusion JavaScript. See also CFML.
Cg. C for graphics. C-like from NVidia and Microsoft for video cards .
Chapel, Cascade High Productivity Language. 2009 from Cray, a supercomputer manufacturer. Parallel programming, C-like.
Charity. 1992. Functional and categorical language.
CHILL. CCITT High Level Language. 1980. Telecommunications language. Chill 96 is object-oriented and generic .
CR. 1991. Building Handling rules. Used in artificial intelligence.
ChukK. 2004. Multimedia language and competitor for sound synthesis, and other musical tasks .
Kilk. 1994. C-based threading and competitor.
Clarion. 2011. Automates reporting using database commands.
Clay. 2011. Generic language trial.
Clean. 1987. Similar to Haskell.
Clipper. 1985. Compiler for dBASE III, endowed with C and Pascal functions.
CLIPS. C Integrated Production System. See Cool.
Klojura. 2007. Lisp-like composed in bytecode for JVM.
CLOSED. To Common Lisp.
CLU. CLUster. 1975. MIT. Brought concepts that inspired Python and Ruby.
Kobol. COmmon Business Oriented Langue. 1959. Inspired by Flow-matic, Fortran. ANSI standards are Cobol 58, 74, 85, and 2002 facility-oriented.
Code. Computationally oriented display environment. Visual and parallel programming system.
CoffeeScript. 2009. It compiles in JavaScript and offers a more readable Python-style syntax.
ColdFusion. 2001. A combination of CFScript and CFML that is compatible with JavaScript is used for a dynamic web interface.
KOMAL. Common language algorithm. 1973. Inspired by BASIC.
CIL. Common intermediary language. Bytecode for .NET .
Generic Lisp. 1984. Lisp dialect, standard ANSI.
Pascal component. See you Oberon.
COMMITTEE. 1957. The first language for processing lists or strings.
Cool. Classroom Object Oriented Language. 1996. Designed to educt compiler building.
Coral66. Computer On-line Real-Time Applications Language. 1964. Based on Algol 60 and Fortran, it was used by the British administration.
COWSEL, COntrolled Working SpacE Language. 1964. Renamed POP-1 and then POP-2.
CPL, a combined programming language. 1963. BCPL's predecessor and itself is inspired by the Algol 60.
Crack. 2009. A scripting language created to have the speed of a compiled program. C-like, LLVM.
Krystal. 2015. Ruby-like composed.
SS. See C Shell.
Kurl. KURLi marriage. 1998. Data language such as HTML and programming, OO, reflective for building web applications. (Not to be confused with cURL.
Curry. Mathematician's name. 1996. Functional and logical, based on Haskell.
Cyclone. 2006. ATT C dialect, designed to be safer, avoid memory leaks and pointer problems.

D

D. 2000. Walter Bright. New version C with objects, dynamic tables and collector.
Databus. See PL/B.
DarkBASIC. 1999. Commercial game creation language. Compiled in C++ with the BASIC extension.
Dart. 2011. Through Google. A language that runs in a browser or on a server to replace JavaScript. Add classes, interfaces, and mixers.
DCL. DIGITAL Command Langand. ~ 1977. Scripting on Digital computers
Deck. 2011. High-level language for system programming. Uses LLVM.
Delphi. 1995. The version of Pascal created by Borland is currently maintained by Embarcadero.
DiBOL, Digital's Business Oriented Language. 1970. Inspired by BASIC and COBOL for information processing.
DisCo. DISindited CO operation. 1992. Specification language for reactive systems .
Dotty. 2014. New simplified version of Scala .
DRAGON. 1996. The visual language of the Russian space program expresses knowledge that allows you to achieve your goal .
Dylan. DYNamic LANguage. 1992 by Apple. Derivative Scheme. Fully object-oriented, it was created for Newton.

E

E. 1997. See also AmigaE. Joule derivative, for distributed and permanent treatment.
Ease. 1991. Inspired by CSP and Linda. Contexts are dynamically constructed parallel structures and types.
ECMAScript. 1997. Official standard for JS.
Edinburgh, IMP. See IMP.
Eiffel. 1986. Bertrand Mayer. Language designed for security.
Elan. 1974. To teach and teach systematic programming instead of BASIC.
elastiC. 1999. C-like, OO, mobile, interpreted.
Elixir. 2012. Functional and competitive, compatible with Erlang Virtual Machine (BEAM), but with Ruby-like syntax. The elixir program can access and validate its source code.
Elm. 2012. Functional reactive programming compiled in HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Emax Lisp. Script for code editor.
EGL. 2008. Generation Corporate Language, IBM. Based on Cross System Product created in 1981. A very high-level language that compiles into other languages such as COBOL, Java, etc.
Epigram. 2004. Competitor, functional.
Erlang. 1986, open source in 1998. ERicsson LANguage, as well as the name of Agner Krarup Erlang. Inspired by Prologue, Smalltalk, CSP. Functional, competing with runtime and virtual machine (BEAM). The player model solves most competition problems.
Escape. 1997. Server-level programming for accessing databases and creating web pages.
Esterel. 1980. INRIA. To develop complex synchronous reactive systems, with parallelism and anticipation.
Euclid. 1970+. Xerox PARC lab. Pascal-like is mandatory for checked programs. His successor is Mesa.
Euphoria. 1993. Interpreted scripting language.
Euler. 1966. Nicklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber. Successor to Algol 60. Dynamically typed.
Exec. See Rexx.

F

F. Fortran 77 subset with modules and file system access.
F3, Form Follow Function. 2005. The original name is JavaFX Script, but forké (restarted) under this name.
F #. 2005. Microsoft. Functional, OO inspired by OCaml, Haskell and other functional languages
Factories. 2010, Cornell. A derivative of Java, common, it includes security devices for storing and using information.
Factor. 2003. Stack-based like Forth
Phantom. 2005. C-like runs on JVM and .NET with a common library. Evolutionary syntax, competitors, mixers.
Felix. Inspired by C++ and ML.
Flow-Matic. 1955 Grace Hopper. The first language to use English words in instructions.
Focus. FOrmula CALculator. 1968. Interpreted for PDP-8.
FOCUS. 1975. Creating database queries.
FOYLE. 1967. Computer training. Another language of this name for generating music appeared in 1979.
Fort, FOuRT. 1973. Charles H. Moore. Use the stack. Used to order machines, including starting computers.
Fortran. 1957. FORmula TRANSlator. Standards - Fortran II (58), IV (61), 66, 77 (Procedural), 90, 95, 2003 (Facility oriented). Language of scientific calculations. Other dialects are: S-Fortran, SFtran, QuickTran, LDRTran, HPF, Co-Array Fortran.
Fortress. 2007. Designed by Sun for high performance. Introduced as a replacement for Fortran, hence the name.
FP, Function Programming. 1977. John Backus. Designed to implement functional programming.

Gram

G. 1986. "dataflow" language for LabVIEW system, graphical and parallel (and functional). We program visually by connecting objects.
GAMS, General Algebraic Modeling System. 1976-1987. Modeling system for mathematical optimization.
You go. 2009. Language from Google, inspired by C and Pascal. It competes with a collection garage designed primarily for web services.
Gödel. 1995. Prologue-like.
Gosu. Derived from Java and running on a virtual machine, it simplifies type extension.
GPSS, General Modeling System. 1972. The system is based on past transactions between services.
Grain. 2022. JavaScript-inspired, compiled in WebAssembly.
Grap. Brian Kernigan and John Bentley at Bell Labs. For composition graphics.
Grovey. 2003. Java OO scripting language.

H

Hack. 2014. Via Facebook. Statically typed version of PHP.
Khalide. 2012. MIT, a short syntax image processing language.
Hal/S. 1968. Real-time programming language for aeronautics.
HAScript, Host Access Script от IBM. XML syntax for command line interaction in JVM.
Haskell. 1990. functional language. Haskell 98 will follow. In 2002, a version of lazy functional language. Sostavitel.
Hax. 2006. Compiled in JS, C++, PHP.
Heron. Java like, OO and functional.
HLA, High Level Assembly. Assembler with high-level language constructs.
Hobbs. 2017. Morgan Stanley (Bank). Focused on pattern matching and parsing, the JIT interpreter can fit into a C++ program.
Ugo. 1995. For interactive fictions.
HyperTalk. 1987. Dan Winkler at Apple. A procedure consisting of cards to connect and assemble. Hypernext and Supercard are tools inspired by Hypercard.

I

IAL, International Algebraic Language. 1958. Renamed Algol.
In here. 1988. C-like is interpreted with a garage collector and a dynamic data model for scripting.
Icon. 1977-79. C and Pascal-like, for processing chains, are goal-oriented. Next comes Unicon.
IDL, interactive data language. 1977. Descriptive language inspired by Fortran and C used in science.
IMP. 1970. Algol-like. System, extensible syntax. Unlike Edinburgh IMP, its syntax deviates from ALGOL.
Inform. 1993. Interactive fiction development language and system. This is followed by Inform 6 (1996) and Inform 7 (2006), based on natural language.
INTERCAL. 1972. For the plot, parody language to mock the spread of strange constructions in languages.
Io. 2002. Based on Smalltalk-inspired prototypes.
IPL, information processing language. 1956. The first to process lists, but replaced by Lisp.
ISWIM, If you See What I Mean. 1966. Unfulfilled, it inspired functional languages.

J

J. 1990. Mathematical language and data analysis derived from APL.
JADE. 1996. Pascal-like, dedicated to using a database like Delphi.
Jal, just a different language. 2003. Pascal language for microcontrollers .
Janet. 2019. Like Lisp. Scripting language or embedded language. Produces executable files.
Janus. 1982. Caltech. Reversible calculation .
Janus. 1990. A competitor forced by arguments to two aspects, hence the name. Predecessor Tuontalka.
Java. 1995. James Gosling and Sun. Running on a virtual and thus portable machine, it derives from C with objects. Each class is stored in a file.
JavaFX Script. 2005. Scripting for JavaFX interface. Abandoned by Oracle, but forked (revived) under the name Face.
JavaScript. 1995. Brendon Eich. Dynamics, C-like, inspired by Self for prototypes. Scripting for browser, GUI, documents or on the server.
JCL, Job Control Language. For IBM mainframes.
Jeef. 2001. Cornell. Java with information access controls.
Joyne Jawa. 2000. The Java version is enhanced with connections.
Joss, JOHNIAC Open Shop System. 1963. For general time, the predecessor to MUMPS.
Joule. 1996. Competitor and distributor, predecessor of E.
JOVIAL. Jules Own Version of international algorithmic language. 1960. ALGOL-like for on-board systems (IAL was the first name of ALGOL).
Joy. 2001. Functional.
JScript. 1996. Microsoft's ECMAScript dialect. Similar to JavaScript, but without the word Java for brand name reasons. Surrendered after IE 10.
Julia. 2010. For scientific programming, very quickly on LLVM. In parallel, distributed. The program can change its own code.

To

K. 1993. Owner, for processing chains, derived from nuclear submarines. Kona is an open source interpreter.
Kaleidoscope. 1990. Imperative language, OO, with restrictions. Evolved from Smalltalk-like to ALGOL-like.
Corn shell. 1983. Bourne-compatible command line scripting.
Kotlin. 2012. JetBrains. Statically typical language for JVM or JavaScript. Try to combine all theories about languages.

L

LabView. 1986. A National Instruments visual language for managing devices.
Ladder Logic. Visual language for programmable logic circuits used in industrial control.
Lagoon. Experimental, for programming focused on reported components.
Lava. 2001. OO, translated. Wants to create a program from the plutpot tree than a text editor .
Leda. 1994. Its goal is to combine imperative, functional and logical style.
Lfir. 2005. Extensible.
Limbo. 1995. Rob Pike and Bell Labs. Competing language (CSP-based) for applications distributed on Inferno OS. Successor to Aleph and Newskiak.
LINC 4DL. Predecessor to EAE and AB Suite, two code generators from Unisys .
Lingo. Several languages have this name: Macromedia Lingo, Lingo Allegro, Linn Lingo, Lindo Lingo.
Lisak. 2003. Prototype-based OO language for building an operating system.
Lisp, LISt Processing. 1958 John McCarthy. Extensible, consisting of a tree and brackets, has influenced many languages.
LLJS, Low Level JavaScript. 2012. Mozilla, a dialect typed for JavaScript closer to C, and compiled in JS. Replaced by Asm.js.
LLVM raster code. 2004. Intermediate language for compilers and virtual machines.
Lobster. 2013. Programming 3D games with OpenGL in the background.
Loki. 2014. Close to C++ in a simple form, with a garbage collector compiled at LLVM.
Logo. 1966-68. Lisp without brackets. Learn programming by moving the graphics mouse.
Lua, the moon in Portuguese. 1993. Initially, the scripting language expanded to C, became independent.
Lucid. 1976. Another programming model is close to reactive, where instructions are equations whose variables are interconnected processors.
Chandelier. 1991. For reactive systems.
LYaPAS. 1964. RAS. A logical language for representing synthetic algorithms. Nuclear submarine expansion.

M

2008. Microsoft modeling language for the Oslo platform.
M #. 2014. Microsoft, a JavaFX-like code generator, describes the site and compiles in C # and ASP.NET
Mr. MUMPS.
MAD. See IAL, ALGOL.
Markov the Younger. 2022. Rules and conclusions language .
Mary. 1970+. Similar to ALGOL 68, focused on low-level programming.
Mathematics. 1988. A programming language that uses algebraic notation for expressions.
MATLAB.1975-78 Cleve Mohler. The scientific and mathematical language has moved to more diverse applications.
Mercury. 1995. Functional and logical programming language. Ported to C, Java, .NET.
Mesa. 1970+. Palo Alto. Pascal-like, modular, inspired Modula-2 and Java. Replaced by Cedar.
MetaL. 2001. XML-based code generator.
MIMIC. 1964. Oriented expression, modeling for industrial design.
Worlds. 2011. Similar to Ruby, but includes a Java virtual machine and uses its own API. Can be used for Android applications.
Miranda. 1985 David Turner. Functional language, "Haskell inspired.
Maiva Script. 1996. Owner, to create an e-commerce site.
Mixal, Mix Assembly Language. For Meeks Donald Knuth's historic computer.
ML. 1973. University of Edinburgh. Functional, inspired by ISVIM.
Moby. 2002. Experimental, to combine functionality with competition and RO.
Modula. 1970 + Nicklaus Wirth. Pascal (from the same author) with modules
Modula-2. 1980 by Nicklaus Wirth. Modula with corutins, wants system language and applications .
Modula-3. 1989 by DEC and Olivetti. Modula 2 with generality, multithreading, exceptions, garage collector. Influenced other languages without being adopted by himself .
Mondrian. OO version of Haskell .
Mortran. Fortran derivative with syntactic differences.
Motorcycle. 1999. C-like is embedded in documents such as HTML.
MSIL. See CIL.
MUMPS. 1967. Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Program System. Database-centric language.

N

Napier88. Named John Napier. 1989. Experimental permanent language.
Neko. 2005. Compiled into bytecode for its own virtual machine.
Nemerle. By the name of a fictional character. 2003. Functional, OO and imperative. On .NET .
Nesl. 1993. At Carnegie Mellon. Parallel, functional and table-oriented.
NetRexx. 1996. Mike Covlishaw. The IBM version of the Rexx scripting language ported to JVM is the first.
Newspeak. From the name of the language invented by Orwell (novalangue in French). 2006. With nested classes .
Newskiak. 1989. Rob Pike of Bell Labs, who would later create Go, another competing language. Being derived from Squeak, it facilitates GUI creation. Inspired Aleph, Limbo and Go.
Ngl, aNGeL (angel). 2004. J extension, with mathematical notation.
Nial, Nested Interactive Array Language. 1981. Functional programming rating for the table applied to AI.
Nice. 2003. OO with enhanced capabilities and stricter error control.
Nickle. 2001. Digital orientation for algorithm .
Neame (formerly Nimrod). 2010. Python-like for system programming. Meta programming, OO compiled in C, JS or binary.
Nit. 2009. Statically typed and object-oriented, close to Ruby.
Nup. 2009. Through Google. Experimental language derived from Java to encourage good programming practices and deter bad ones. Compiling bytecode for JVM.
Naked. 2007. Lisp-like, OR and interpretation.

O

o: Xml. 2002. OO with XML-like syntax
Oberon, the name of the moon of Uranus. 1986 от Niklaus Wirth. Reflexive and extensible, derived from Modula-2.
Objectively-S. 1983. C plus Smalltalk objects, used mainly on Apple devices after being popularized on NeXT machines in 1988.
OCaml, Objective Cam. 1996 INRIA. Derived from ML, functional and imperative, in a virtual machine. Expand Cam.
Objective Modula 2. 2006. Combination of Objective-C, Smalltalk and Modula 2.
Appearance. Oberon derivative for distributed treatment.
Occam. 1983. (okkam- π). CSP Competitor
Octave. 1988. Interpreted for numerical calculation.
ook. 2009. The object-oriented derivative C is compiled into C.
Opa. 2011. A server or client compiled in JavaScript.
Opal, OPtimized Application Language. University of Berlin. Algebraic functional language, introduces the concept of monads, then called "commands."
OpenEdge ABL. OpenEdge Advanced Business Language. 1984. Syntax close to English and OO, with comic book management commands.
OPL, Open Programming Langue. 1984. BASIC-like для Symbian OS.
OPS5, Official Production System 5. Based on rules with an output engine, writes BLISS.
Orc. 2004 by the University of Texas. A competing and distributed language that works across sites.
Oz. 1991. Multiparadigma: Imperative, Functional, Logical, Restricted, OO, Distributed, and Competitive

P

Pascal, named after the French mathematician. 1970. Nicklaus Wirth. Its syntax facilitates structured programming.
PBASIK. 1992. BASIC version for microcontrollers.
Pearl. 1987 Larry Wall. Interpreted, dynamic, its dark syntax is called "read-only language."
PHP, Personal Home Page Hypertext Processor. 1995 from Rasmus Lerdof. PHP 5 in 2004. PHP 6 in 2007. Server-side script and page generator.
Pico. 1997. Minimalist to learn programming concepts from students in other disciplines.
Picture. 2015 by MIT. Probabilistic language for image recognition.
Pike. 1994. C-like, interpretation, dynamics, OO with extended data types. Can use for training C.
PILOT, programmed instruction, training or training. 1968. First steps in computer learning.
PL-11. 1971. OO for PDP 11.
PL/0. 1976. Nicklaus Wirth, a simplified version of Pascal for education .
PL/B, a business programming language, formerly DATABUS. 1970+. Alternative to COBOL, composed in bytecode.
PL/S. 1970+. Under the set of PL/1 for learning programming.
PL/I. 1964 by IBM. Programming the One language. Procedural for digital and industrial processing.
PL/M, a programming language for microcomputers. 1972 Gary Kildall. High-level language for Intel microprocessors.
Schedule. 1969. To add logical processing to a procedural language. Subsets were implemented.
Plancalcule. Trad: formal planning system. 1948 Conrad Zuse
POP-2. 1970. is the successor to POP-1 and subsequent POP-11. Functional, inspired by Lisp and ALGOL 60.
POV-Ray. Graphical language of ray launching software.
Processing. 2001. C-like for creating interactive images and animations.
Prograve. 1983 Academic University. Visual icon language.
Prologue. 1972 Alain Kolmerauer. Declarative inference language.
Proteus, PROcessor для TExt Easy to USe. 1988. Text processing function.
P-TAC. 1989. Parallel language.
Clean. 2008. Functional language interpreted (LLVM) based on rewriting terms.
Purescript. 2011. Statically typed functional language compiled in JavaScript.
Python. 1991 Guido van Rossum. Interpreted or compiled scripting language.

Q

Q. 2003. Derivative APL, table processing for financial applications.
QuakeC. Version C for the game Quake.
QPL, Quantum Programming Languages. A set of programming languages for quantum computers.
QML, Qt Modeling Language. 2009. A declarative UI language similar to JavaFX for Qt.
Quorum. 2012. A subject-oriented and extensible language that beginners want to read easily. Compiled for JVM.

R

R. 1993. Language and environment for statistical calculations and graphs derived from the S language and close to Scheme.
R++. 1998 Bell Labs. Rule-based C++ version.
Racketeering. 1994. Lisp-like is intended for development by a programmer .
Ratfive. A set of words in Ratfor (for = four = 4) and Raf five (5). 1980 +. Ratfort version with functions
Rathfort. 1975 Brian Kernigan. Presidencies for Fortran.
rc. 1989 Bell Labs. Command language for Plan9, then ported to Unix.
Rebol, an object-based relative expression language. 1997. Dynamic language with many preset types. Version 3.0 becomes open in 2012.
Ed.). 2011. Similar to Rebol, but compiled and open from the very beginning.
Refal, REcursive Functions Algorithmic Language. 1968. Functional, exemplary-oriented match goals. The goal is a basic data structure.
RPG, Report Program Generator. 1959 by IBM. Extended query engine in a programming language close to the event. The main versions are RPG II, RPG III, RPG/400, RPG IV.
RPL, ROM-based procedural language. 1984 to HP. The language of calculators is similar to Forth.
Rexx, REstructured eXtended eXecutor. 1979 Mike Covlishaw. Designed for scripting on IBM OS, and then ported to other platforms.
RLaB. 2000. MATHLAB alternative with simpler syntax.
RSL, Robot Script Langue. 2002 from Microsoft. For Robot Battle.
Ruby. 1995 Yukihiro Matsumoto. Follows the "principle of the slightest surprise," each thing should be intuitive. Object-oriented multi-paradigms for scripting, online applications.
Rust, red in English. 2006. Rival Mozilla Labs' language is inspired by C and LLJS and improved to be more secure. LLVM-based alternative to Go.

S

S. 1976. Bell Laboratories, John Chamber. Statistical language. Replaced by R.
C'Algol, St Andrews Algol. 1979 University of St Andrews (Scotland). Simplified and improved version of ALGOL-60.
Sale, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language. 1970. Based on associative memory of records, events and contexts.
SAM76. 1970+. Macro language for CP/M.
SAS. 1972. For statistical reports and analyses. Creates HTML or PDF documents.
SASL, St. Andrews Standard Language. 1972. Implementation of ISVIM.
Sater, the name of the Jane Sater Tower. 1990 through Berkeley. Based on Eiffel, but developed and had a functional side, classes, iterators.
Savzall. 2003. Rob Pike at Google to manage his server performance data.
The Rock. 2003 by Martin Odersky. To write short Java-compatible code. Implements many new concepts.
Scheme. 1975 MIT. Lisp dialect and ALGOL with a simple design .
Scratch. An educational language developed by MIT, consisting of blocks for assembly. The same principle was used in the Java OpenBlocks bookstore.
Scriptol. 2001. Object-oriented and designed for intuitive intuition and increased performance, it incorporates reactive and imperative programming. Interpreted or compiled in JavaScript, C++, PHP.
Sed, Stream EDitor. 1974 Bell Labs. Text processing.
Seed7. 2005. Similar to Pascal and ADA, extensible syntax.
Samf. 1993. OO with prototypes like Smalltalk. Use JIT.
SETL, SETL Language. 1967-1969. The language of the ensembles, inspired by ABC, the predecessor of Python, gave him tuples.
Short code. 1949. Harbinger of programming languages.
Simit. 2016. With MIT to replace Matlab and work on graphs or Julia-like physical simulations with graph structures.
Simula. 1962. Above the ALGOL set. Simula 67 introduces sclasses and inheritance, as well as virtual and Coroutine methods.
SISAL. Streaming and iteration in a single-purpose language. 1983. Pascal-Like, functional, for digital calculations.
Slip, Symmetric LIst Processor. List processing for Fortran and other languages.
Smoltalk. 1972 Alan Kay and others. OO, dynamic and reflective, inspired other languages such as Objective-C.
SNOBBLE. 1962. Snobble 3 (1965), 4 (1966). Mainly based on the concept of pattern-matching. SPITBOL (SPeedy ImplementTation of snobOL) is a compilation version of SNOBOL for IBM 360.
SOAP, Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program. 1957. Build language for IBM 650 .
Snowball, imitation of SNOBOL. 2001. String processing and linguistics compiled in C or Java .
SPARK. 1983. ADA-like, for safety systems.
SP/k. 1974. Subset of PL/I used for teaching.
SPL, Shakespeare's programming language. 1993. Humorous.
Tickling. 1996. Smoltalk dialect.
Squirrel. 2003. C-like for scripts embedded in a C or C++ project.
SR, Resource Synchronization. Former competing language.
S/SL, Syntax/Semantic Language. 1980. University of Toronto. For code generators.
ML standard. 1990. ML derivative, functional, with type output.
Subtext. 2001. Experimental, visual.
SuperCollider. 1996. Interpretation, RO for real-time sound synthesis and algorithmic typing.
SuperX++. 2001. XML language.
Swift. 2014. Apple for its operating systems to replace Objective-C with a safer and faster language. It is also the name of another language.
Synergy/DBL. Synergy/DE development environment language.

T

T. 1980 +. Scheme version.
TACL, Tandem Advanced Command Langand. 1974. The scripting language used by Hewlett-Packard on servers.
TACPOL, Language of Oriented Tactical Procedure. Until 1977. The implementation of PL/I was used by the US Army.
TADS, Text Adventure Development System. 1988. Language for games.
TAL, Transaction Application Language. System language, C and Pascal crossing, used on Tandem computers.
Tcl, Tool Command Langue. 1988 John Usterhout. Tk is an associated graphical toolkit.
TELCOMP. 1965. A derivative of JOSS, the spoken language used on PDP computers until 1974. Influenced Mumps.
Tempo. Declarative and logical, competitor.
Titan. 2005. Parallel Java dialect for scientific calculation.
TI-BASIC. 1996. Texas Instrument calculator language close to BASIC.
Roof. 2019. For IOT microcontrollers, the Internet of Things, from V8 and Dart developers to Google .
VOLUME. 1990+. OOs with dynamic classes that change.
TRAC, Text Reckoning and compilation. 1960+. Macro-oriented for text processing.
Transcript.
TTCN-3, test and test rating. To control the communication system.
Turing. 1982. Close to Pascal, derived from Euclid.
TUTOR. 1965. CAI programming language.
TypeScript. 2012. On the Microsoft JavaScript set, with static types, classes and modules. Compiled in JavaScript. Open source under the Apache license.
TXL, Turing eXtender Language. 1988. The Turing derivative is higher.

U

Ubercode. 2005. Commercial, Eiffel crossing and BASIC.
UNCOL, Universal Computer Oriented Language. 1958 Melvin E. Conway. The first concept of an intermediate language for a virtual machine .
Unicon. Single extended set of icons. 1996. Derived from Icon with OO, system access.
UnrealScript. 1998. Scripting for the Unreal game engine.
UrbiScript. 2003. Robot programming language.
UML, Unified Modeling Langue. 1994 Rational Software. Visual programming language, ISO standard.

V

Verilog HDL, Verilog Hardware Describition Language. 1990. Equipment description language.
VHDL, Hardware VHSIC description language. 1980+.
GVA. Visual DialogScript. 1995. Interpreted to create interfaces in Windows.
Visual Basic. 1991 by Microsoft. Improved version of BASIC and OO.
Visual Basic.NET. 2001. The successor to Visual Basic 6.0, runs on .NET.
VBScript, Visual Basic Script Edition.1996 Microsoft. A lightweight and interpreted version of Visual Basic for Windows.
VTL, VTL-2, Very Tiny Language. 1976. The minimum language stored in ROM is less than 1 K bytes of Altair 680B and 8800 .

W

Water. XML Web Services Prototype.
Whitespace. 2003. Actually a joke, an exotic programming language, with a real interpreter.
Winbatch. 1991. Windows scripting language.
Wiering. 2003. Development platform and C-derived language adapted for programming electronic components.
WLanguage. 1992. Vindev's development tool language influenced by BASIC and Pascal .
Tungsten. 2013. Based on knowledge processing, it combines several paradigms to gain maximum flexibility in automatic processing.
Wyvern, the name of a mythical creature. 2014 Carnegie Mellon. Interpreted and compiled for secure applications.

X

X10. 2004. IBM for the PERCS project. Targets performance at large sites with structured parallelism.
XOTcl, Extended Object Tcl. Object-driven TCL version with mixers.
XPL. 1968. Derived from PL/I, for writing compilers.
XL, eXtensible Language. 2000. Implements programming by concept. Its syntax can be changed for each program.
Xtend. 2011 by the Eclipse Foundation, to facilitate Java, it makes improvements such as removing comma dots, a powerful switch like in Script. Java Code Product

There

YAFL. 1990+. Version Modula-2 .
Yorick. 1996. Language interpreted for scientific calculation and modeling.

Z

Z Rating. 1977. Visually identify programs such as UML.
Zig. 2016. Humorous language intended as a parody of Rust.
ZPL, Z-level programming language. 1993. Parallel for scientific and technical calculation .
ZOPL, version Z, our programming language. 1970+. Close to C and Pascal, for mainframe.

Tag languages and data formats

CFML, ColdFusion Markup Langue. 1995 by Adobe. Scripting language for web applications running on JVM and .NET .
EmotionML. 2013. XML dialect for representing W3C. emotions.
HTML, HyperText Markup Langue. 1991 Tim Berners-Lee. Based on SGML.
JSON Patch. A standard proposed by the IETF for a series of actions on a JSON document.
Pkl. 2024. Customization language with script.
PostScript. 1982 by Adobe. Vector graphics language used to print documents.
Protocol buffers. 2008 Google. Format for serializing a document into a text file similar to JSON. FlatBuffer is a binary fast version.
RDF, Resource Description Framework. 1999 W3C. Format for storing information with meta data .
SGML, Standard Generalized Markup Language. 1969 by IBM. A precursor to XML for storing human-readable information.
SVG, Scalable Vector Graphic. 2001 W3C. XML-based vector format for 2D graphics supported by browsers.
Tex. Text format.
XAML. eXtensible Application Markup Langue.
XBL. eXtensible Bindings Langue. Creating XML language components.
Xforms. Graphical interactive user interface for the Internet.
XHTML. HTML XML.
XML. eXtensible Markup Langue.
XUL. XML-based user interface language.

Query and database languages

Andl. 2015. New non-SQL database query language. He wants to store more details in the database and less in the query language. Implemented in PostgreSQL.
AQL, Aerospike Query Language. 2012. A simple and more developed language than SQL for Aerospike comics.
Aubit-4GL. See Informix.
D. 1994. Abstract binding language implemented in D4 implemented in C #. Tutorial D - training
Dataflex. 1980. database programming language.
dBase. 1979. The first database programming language on a microcomputer (Apple II and IBM-PC).
GraphQL. 2015. Created by Facebook to simplify queries instead of SQL. It takes the form of a JavaScript object.
Hypertalk. 1987. Language for Apple.
Informix-4GL. 4GL stands for 4th Generation Specialized Language. Informix specializes in database and report.
pl/SQL. Extending to SQL.
SQL, a structured query language. 1987 to IBM. The most used query language.
Visual Foxpro. 1984. Derivative of dBase. Owned by Microsoft, replaced by LightSwitch.

See also

Greetings to the world in all programming languages.
Minimal Hello World! in all languages and formats.
History of programming languages.
List of languages under .NET.

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